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Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus
''Tylopilus plumbeoviolaceus'' (formerly ''Boletus plumbeoviolaceus''), commonly known as the violet-grey bolete, is a fungus of the bolete family. First described in 1936, the mushroom has a disjunct distribution, and is distributed in eastern North America and Korea. The fruit bodies of the fungus are violet when young, but fade into a chocolate brown color when mature. They are solid and relatively large—cap diameter up to , with a white pore surface that later turns pink, and a white mycelium at the base of the stem. Like most boletes of genus ''Tylopilus'', the mushroom is inedible due to its bitter taste. A number of natural products have been identified from the fruit bodies, including unique chemical derivatives of ergosterol, a fungal sterol.
==Taxonomy==
The species was first named 1936 as ''Boletus felleus'' forma ''plumbeoviolaceus'' by American mycologist Walter H. Snell and one of his graduate students, Esther A. Dick, based on specimens found in the Black Rock Forest near Cornwall, New York.〔 Regarding his decision to use the taxonomic rank forma, Snell wrote: "The writer hesitates to multiply the number of forms (formae) and varieties with distinctive names, because of the ease with which one develops the habit of interpreting slight variations as definite taxonomic units... the word "form" is used instead of "variety" as making no commitment as to the actual status of the variable segregate under consideration, until further information is available."〔 The first collections made of the mushroom were of young, immature specimens, from which authors were unable to obtain spores for examination. It was not until a few years after that they found mature fruit bodies, which revealed that the rosy color of the pore surface took some time to develop. They concluded that this and other differences in physical characteristics, as well as differences in spore size, were enough to justify it being a species distinct from ''B. felleus'', so in 1941 they raised the taxon to species status with the name ''Boletus plumbeoviolaceus''.〔 Noted Agaricales taxonomist Rolf Singer later transferred the taxon to ''Tylopilus'' in 1947,〔 a genus characterized by a spore print that is pink, or wine red (vinaceous), rather than brown as in ''Boletus''.〔
The specific name ''"plumbeoviolaceus"'' is coined from the Latin adjectives ''plumbeus'' ("leaden" or "lead-colored") and ''violaceus'' ("purple"). The mushroom is commonly known as the "violet-grey bolete".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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